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divergent thinking
Divergent thinking is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions. It is often used in conjunction with its cognitive opposite, convergent thinking, which follows a particular set of logical steps to arrive at one solution, which in some cases is a ‘correct’ solution. By contrast, divergent thinking typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing, 'non-linear' manner, such that many ideas are generated in an emergent cognitive fashion. Many possible solutions are explored in a short amount of time, and unexpected connections are drawn. After the process of divergent thinking has been completed, ideas and information are organized and structured using convergent thinking.
The psychologist J.P. Guilford first coined the terms convergent thinking and divergent thinking in 1956.
==Free association theory of creativity==
Developing one's divergent thinking skills is thought to enhance creativity. Creativity can be seen as an ability to retrieve and connect disparate concepts stored in long-term memory systems. Concepts are connected in our brains in 'semantic networks'.
Psychologist have proposed that individual differences in creativity are due to differences in whether associative networks were 'steep' or 'flat'- those with 'flat' networks have numerous and loose conceptual connections, enabling them to be more creative. Those with 'steep' networks tend to have more logical, linear associations between nodes. Someone with a flat network quickly and creatively hops – node to node – something someone ‘linear’ in their thinking would struggle with.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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